Friday 21 June 2013

Parkinson Research

Parkinson Disease

Characteristics:
1)   Parkinson`s disease most commonly affects older adults (above     60), but this disease it can appear at a younger age. The causes of the disease are uncertain, though genetics are thought to influence the occurrence. There are currently no cures for Parkinson's disease; however, treatments like drugs and therapy may help to relieve some symptoms and improve the quality of life for sufferers. The level of decline is different with each individual, and is progressive. Parkinson's disease results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain; the cause of this cell death is unknown.

Why Parkinson occur?:

2)   Parkinson's disease is a disease of unknown origin, characterized by loss of central nervous system neurons that produce dopamine, which is a substance that mediates neuronal transmission in the central nervous system. It affects both men and women. Sometimes appears as a depressed moodwhile the sick person or his family can see a psychiatristbut more oftenthe disease begins with tremor or rigidity

Parkinson symptoms:

3- -Tremor: Your tremor, or shaking, usually begins in your limb, often your hand or fingers.

-Slowed movement (bradykinesia): Over time, Parkinson's disease may reduce your ability to move and slow your movement 

-Loss of automatic movements: In Parkinson's disease, you may have a decreased ability to perform unconscious movements, including blinking, smiling or swinging your arms when you walk.

   4- Treatment or Therapy that can use a patient (Alt. Medicine):
-Vitamin E helps in the production of red blood cells (oxygen carrying cells).
 -As an antioxidant, it protects your membranes from damage caused by free radicals (unstable molecules in the body).
-It helps proper function and growth.
-It works as a "blood thinner."
This medicine take over 5 or 6 months to do effect, and it is needed to take the pill of vitamin “E” all days, one in the morning and the other in the night.
5- Possibilities of recovery:
In Parkinson, there are no possibilities of recover, is a permanent disease, but you can decrease the disease by having pills and vitamins.

    6- Remedies that a patient can take:
The optimal combination of treatments depends upon the person, symptoms, age and the severity of the disease. There are six types of medications available to treat symptoms; The Levodopa, Dopamine, Agonists, inhibitors of enzymes that inactivate dopamine, anticholinergic and Amantadine.
   

7- What are the costs involved:
Costs associated whit a disease include both direct and indirect costs. Researches recently determined that the direct costs of Parkinson are, 16.634 dollars per person, per year, for people who are covered by both medicate and a private insurance policy.

8- Do health programs in Chile cover this treatment?
In Chile exist a program of the government called Auge-Ges, that cover 69 diseases and Parkinson is number 62 in the list. This program consists that any person that belong to the public system (Fonasa) or private system of health (Isapre) and have this disease can use it. But is necessary go to a specific place indicated by the program of health that you have (public or Private). In others countries like New Zeland, all people that born in the country have access free health. In Australia the treatment of Parkinson is similar with Chile but only because the places assigned for the treatment are free. And in this country all diseases are covered by the government.

Imperialism

What is Imperialism?
Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates it economic and cultural life.
After the industrial revolution this became a common practice of european nations seeking new sources of raw materials and markets to sell manufactured products.

Guideline

Guideline
How to do a varial flip


This guideline is for experienced skateboarders
The first thing that you need to have is, the varial and the flip well executed. Then, if you are regular, you put your left foot at the edge of the left side and the rigth foot on the tail of the skateboard in the most comfortable way that you can. Once you have your feet perfectly placed, you will need to go down and up with the knees. Then, you need to scrape up the sandpaper with the left foot, and with the rigth foot, scrape back the sandpaper and the you need to fall correctly, if you dont fall it, practice it until you do it well.
If you are not able to do this trick, is because you are placing your feet in the wrong way. You need to put your left food in DIAGONAL at the edge of the left sid, and where you are going to scrape, you put your rigth feet STRAITGHTLY in the tail of the skateboard and scrape back with all the foot until the foot gets out of the skateboard.
Glossary:
Regular: When you skate with the rigth foot in te tail of the skateboard and with the left foot forward the table.
Goofy: When you skate with the rigth foot forward the table and the left foot in the tail of the skateboard.
Sandpaper: Is the paper that allows you to paste your foots to the table.
Varial: Is when the skate does a 180 degrees.
Flip: Is when the skate does a 360 turn in the air.

Opinion piece

1.- What are the characteristics of this illness or upheaval?

Parkinson affects commonly to older adults, above 50 years, but can appear at a younger age. Is a progressive disease, a degenerative neurological disorder that affects in the control of your body movement and lead you to start shaking and have difficulty with walking, movement and coordination. Is one of the most common nervous system disorders . According to the Northwest Parkinson’s foundation in 2010 it afflicts over 1 million people. Each person is affected differently and the rate of progression varies greatly between individuals.


2.- Why does it occur?

Parkinson’s occurs when certain nerve cells in a part of the brain called “substantia nigra” die or become impaired normally, these cells produce a vital chemical known as “dopamine”. When approximately 70% of the dopamine producing cells are damaged , the sumptoms of Parkinson disease appear.


3.- What are the most common symptoms?

The first symptom of Parkinson is trembling or shaking, this start on one part of the body usually in hands. Also can affect on your arms , legs , feet or face.
Other symptom is that you start moving slower. This symptoms become worst over the time.


4.- What types of treatment or therapy can a patient use? How long do they take? What are their pros and cons?

Surgery may be a option for some patients. These injuries do not cure Parkinson’s but may help with symptoms. Support groups may help with the changes caused by disease.
Most people respond to medications . How much medications relieve symptoms, and for how long can be very different in each person.

5.- What are the real possibilities of recovery if using this type of medicine?

Parkinson is a progressively degenerative disease that don’t have a cure.
The alternative medicine provide supplements, formulas or other alternatives that help you manage the disease while you progressively degenerate for the rest of your life.


6.- What type of remedies can a patient take?

The optimal combination of treatments depends upon the person’s signs and symptoms , age, stage and activity. There are six main types of medications available to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease:
Levadopa , dopamine agonists , inhibitors of enzymes that inactivate dopamine , anticholinergics , and amantadine. Estrogen may be recommended for postmenopausal women with Parkinson.


7.- What are the costs involved?

The combined direct and indirect costs Parkinson’s, including treatment , social security payments and lost income from inability to work is estimated to be nearly $25 billion per year in the United States. Medications costs for an individual person with Parkinson average $2.500 a year and therapeutic surgery can cost up to $100.000 dollars per patient.


8.- Do health programs in Chile cover this treatment expenses? How about health programs of the USA, UK, New Zealand, Australia or any European country?

In Chile exist a program of the government called Auge-Ges , that cover 69 diseases and Parkinson’s is the number 62 in the list.
This program consist that any person that belong to the public system (fonasa) or private system of health (isapre) and have this disease can use it. But is necessary go to a specific place indicated by the program of health that you have (public or private).
In others countries like New Zealand , all people that born in the country have access free health.

In Australia the treatment of Parkinson’s is similar with Chile but only because the places assigned for the treatment are free. And in this country all diseases are covered by the government